Litšehetso tsa tšepe ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tse jarang mojaro tse sebelisoang haholo mekoting e tebileng ea motheo, boenjiniere ba lithanele, kaho ea borokho, le merero e meholo ea meaho, e ananeloang ka lebaka la matla a eona a phahameng, ts'ebetso e ka fetoloang, le ho sebelisoa hape. Li ka aroloa ka sebopeho sa likarolo tse tšekaletseng le moralo oa kaho ka mefuta e mengata, ka litlhaloso tse fapaneng tsa boima tse ratoang libakeng tse fapaneng lefatšeng ka bophara ho latela maemo a boenjiniere ba lehae le litlhoko tsa projeke.

Mefuta e Tloaelehileng ea Litšehetso tsa Tšepe le Litšobotsi tsa Bona tsa Boima

1. Litšehetso tsa Tšepe tsa I-beam

Litšehetso tsa tšepe ea I-beam ke tse ling tsa lihlahisoa tsa tšehetso ea tšepe tsa setso ka ho fetisisa, tse nang le karolo e tloaelehileng e bōpehileng joaloka I e fanang ka khanyetso e ntle ea ho kobeha bakeng sa maemo a tšehetso a boima bo mahareng. Boima ba tsona ka mithara e otlolohileng bo tloha ho 10kg ho isa ho 60kg ho latela litlhaloso: li-I-beam tse nyane (10#–20#) li boima ba 11.2–27.9kg/m, ha li-I-beam tse kholo (30#–40#) li boima ba 48.1–67.3kg/m.

Mofuta ona oa tšehetso ea tšepe o sebelisoa haholo Amerika Leboea, haholo-holo United States le Canada. Histori, indasteri ea kaho ea Amerika Leboea e amohetse litekanyetso tse kopaneng tsa tšepe tsa ASTM tse behang pele lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa I-beam, e leng se etsang hore litšehetso tsa I-beam tse bobebe ho isa ho tse mahareng li ratoe bakeng sa merero e menyenyane ea likoti tsa motheo le litšehetso tsa nakoana tsa meaho. Mererong ea ntlafatso ea meralo ea motheo libakeng tsa litoropo tsa US, litšehetso tsa I-beam tse 20#–30# (tse boima ba 27.9–48.1kg/m) li ntse li le khetho ea pele bakeng sa borakonteraka ka lebaka la ho fumaneha ha tsona habonolo le ho kenngoa habonolo.

2. Litšehetso tsa Tšepe tsa karolo ea H

Litšehetso tsa tšepe ea karolo ea H li fapana le li-I-beam tse nang le li-flange tse pharaletseng, ho se be le karolo e phahameng, le botsitso bo betere ka kakaretso, e leng se etsang hore li lokele merero e meholo ea tšehetso ea mojaro o boima. Boima ba tsona bo fapana ka bophara: likarolo tse nyane tsa H (100×100mm) li boima ba hoo e ka bang 17.2kg/m, ha likarolo tse kholo tsa H tse boima (400×400mm) li ka feta 140kg/m.

Litšehetso tsa tšepe ea karolo ea H e boima bo boima (tse fetang 80kg/m) li atile haholo-holo European Union, moo merero e meholo ea meralo ea motheo e kang lithanele tse tšelang litsela le liteishene tsa terene tse lebelo le phahameng li hlokang litsamaiso tse tšehetsang tse tsitsitseng haholo. Jeremane, Fora le linaha tsa Nordic li na le litlhoko tse thata bakeng sa polokeho ea meaho, e leng se lebisang ho amoheloeng ka botlalo ha litšehetso tsa tšepe ea karolo ea H e boima kahong ea mokoti o tebileng oa motheo bakeng sa merero ea terene le terene e lebelo le phahameng. Ho sa le joalo, likarolo tsa H tse boima bo mahareng (40–80kg/m) li sebelisoa haholo kahong ea meaho ea bolulo le ea khoebo ho pholletsa le Europe Bochabela, ho leka-lekanya bokhoni ba ho jara le ho boloka litšenyehelo.

3. Litšehetso tsa Tšepe ea Pipe e Selikalikoe

Litšehetso tsa tšepe ea liphaephe tse chitja hona joale ke mofuta o sebelisoang haholo boenjiniere ba sejoale-joale ba ka tlas'a lefatše, tse fanang ka khanyetso e phahameng ea torsional le kabo ea khatello e ts'oanang. Litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng li tloha ho Φ400mm ho isa ho Φ800mm ka bophara, ka botenya ba lebota ba 10-16mm, e leng se fellang ka boima ba 96-302kg ka mithara e otlolohileng.

Litšehetso tsa liphaephe tse chitja tse mahareng (120–200kg/m, tse emeloang ke Φ609mm tse nang le botenya ba lebota ba 16mm tse boima ba hoo e ka bang 235kg/m) li laola 'maraka oa Chaena. Katoloso e potlakileng ea terene ea litoropo ea Chaena e bakile tlhoko e kholo ea litsamaiso tse tšehetsang mokoti o tebileng oa motheo, 'me litšehetso tsa tšepe ea liphaephe tse chitja tse nang le moralo o entsoeng esale pele, bolelele bo ka fetoloang, le ho sebelisoa hape li lumellana hantle le litšobotsi tsa kaho tsa merero ea terene ea litoropo ea Chaena. Linaheng tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela tse kang Singapore, Malaysia le Thailand, litšehetso tsa liphaephe tse chitja tse bobebe ho isa ho tse mahareng (tse ka tlase ho 180kg/m) li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa merero ea meralo ea motheo ea litoropo ka lebaka la botebo bo bonyenyane ba ho epolla le bokhoni bo fokolang ba ho phahamisa.

4. Litšehetso tsa Tšepe ea Lattice

Litšehetso tsa tšepe ea lattice li kopanngoa ho tsoa lipoleiting tsa tšepe tse sekhutlo le tsa tšepe, tse nang le boima bo bobebe ha li bapisoa le litšehetso tsa karolo e tiileng tse nang le bokhoni bo tšoanang ba ho jara, hangata li boima ba 20–50kg/m. Mofuta ona o sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa tšehetso ea pele boenjiniere ba lithanele.

Litšehetso tsa tšepe ea lattice tse bobebe li sebelisoa haholo kahong ea lithanele tse lithaba ho pholletsa le Asia Boroa, joalo ka India, Nepal le Bhutan. Lipalangoang tsa litsela tse sa tsoelang pele hantle sebakeng seo li etsa hore ho be thata ho tsamaisa litšehetso tse boima tsa tšepe tse entsoeng esale pele, kahoo litšehetso tsa lattice tse bobebe tse ka kopanngoang sebakeng seo li loketse maemo a kaho a lehae.

fihlela qeto e

Tšebeliso ea libaka tsa litšehetso tsa tšepe tsa litekanyo tse fapaneng tsa boima e boptjoa ke maemo a boenjiniere ba lehae, boholo ba projeke, maemo a kaho le meralo ea motheo ea lipalangoang. Ha nts'etsopele ea meralo ea motheo ea lefats'e e ntse e tsoela pele, indasteri ea tšehetso ea tšepe e tla ntlafatsa litlhaloso tsa lihlahisoa ho latela tlhoko ea libaka, e fane ka litharollo tse tšehetsang tse shebaneng haholo bakeng sa merero ea boenjiniere lefatšeng ka bophara.