Fomu ya konkriti imatanthauza kapangidwe ka kanthawi kapena nkhungu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga ndi kupanga simenti yatsopano yothiridwa mpaka itakhazikika ndikukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zothandizira kulemera kwake ndi katundu uliwonse wogwiritsidwa ntchito. Fomu ya konkriti ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito zomanga simenti ndipo imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti nyumba za simenti zili bwino, molondola, komanso motetezeka.
Nazi zina mwazinthu zazikulu za mawonekedwe a konkriti:
- Mitundu ya Formwork: Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma formwork, kuphatikiza matabwa achikhalidwe, mawonekedwe achitsulo, aluminiyamu formwork, ndi makina opangidwa mwaluso monga modular formwork ndi mapanelo opangidwa kale. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ubwino wake ndipo umasankhidwa malingana ndi zinthu monga zofunikira za polojekiti, bajeti, ndi njira yomanga.
- zigawo: Mafomu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mapanelo kapena mapepala omwe amasonkhanitsidwa kuti apange mawonekedwe ofunikira komanso kukula kwa chinthu cha konkriti. Zina zowonjezera monga ma props, braces, zomangira, ndi zida za formwork zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira ndikukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a formwork.
- Zoganizira Zokonza: Mapangidwe a fomu amaganizira zinthu monga mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa konkriti, kumalizidwa kwapamwamba komwe kumafunidwa, kapangidwe ka konkire, ndi katundu woyembekezeredwa pakumanga ndi ntchito. Kukonzekera koyenera ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kukhulupirika kwadongosolo ndi chitetezo cha formwork system.
- unsembe: Kuyika kwa formwork kumaphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa zigawo za formwork molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ndikuzisunga pamalo ake pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira, zomangira, ndi njira zina zothandizira. Chisamaliro chosamala chimaperekedwa pakuwongolera, kusanja, ndi kukhazikika kuti mukwaniritse kuyika konkire kolondola komanso kofanana.
- Kuvula ndi Kugwiritsanso Ntchito: Konkireyo ikatha mphamvu yofunikira, mawonekedwewo amachotsedwa m'njira yotchedwa kuvula. Kutengera mtundu wa mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zofunikira za polojekiti, mawonekedwe amatha kuvula pamanja kapena mothandizidwa ndi zida zamakina. Makina ogwiritsiridwa ntchitonso amapangidwa kuti aphwasulidwe, kutsukidwa, ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pothira konkriti kangapo, kupereka mtengo komanso kupulumutsa nthawi.
- Safety: Chitetezo ndichofunika kwambiri pogwira ntchito ndi formwork chifukwa cha zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zipangizo zolemera, nsanja zogwirira ntchito zapamwamba, komanso kuthekera kwa kugwa kapena kulephera. Kuphunzitsidwa koyenera, kutsatira malamulo achitetezo, ndikuwunika pafupipafupi magawo a formwork ndikofunikira kuti tipewe ngozi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito ali otetezeka.
Ponseponse, mawonekedwe a konkriti ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pantchito zomanga konkriti, zomwe zimapereka chimango chopangira zolimba zolimba komanso zomveka bwino zamitundumitundu ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Kukonzekera koyenera, kuyika, ndi kukonza mawonekedwe a formwork ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino zomanga konkriti.
Nayi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya konkriti limodzi ndi zabwino zake:
- Mapangidwe a matabwa:
- ubwino:
- Zotsika mtengo, makamaka zamapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati.
- Zopezeka mosavuta ndipo zitha kupangidwa patsamba.
- Itha kudulidwa mosavuta ndikuwumbidwa kuti mupange masinthidwe osiyanasiyana a formwork.
- Amapereka zinthu zabwino zotenthetsera komanso zotulutsa mawu.
- Oyenera mawonekedwe osakhazikika komanso mapangidwe achikhalidwe.
- ubwino:
- Chitsulo Formwork:
- ubwino:
- Zokhalitsa komanso zokhalitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza pama projekiti akuluakulu.
- Amapereka mphamvu zapamwamba komanso zolimba, zomwe zimatha kuthandizira katundu wolemetsa komanso kupereka konkriti kosasinthasintha.
- Imalimbana ndi kupindika, kupindika, ndi kuchepera poyerekeza ndi matabwa.
- Imathandizira kusonkhanitsa ndi kuphatikizira mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola zambiri komanso nthawi yayitali yomanga.
- Itha kupangidwa mosavuta kuti ikhale yolondola, kuonetsetsa miyeso yolondola ya konkriti ndi zomaliza.
- ubwino:
- Aluminium Formwork:
- ubwino:
- Zopepuka koma zamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzigwira ndi kunyamula.
- Amapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri, koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri.
- Amapereka kulondola kwapamwamba komanso kusasinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale konkriti yosalala komanso yofanana.
- Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kangapo, kuchepetsa kuwononga zinthu komanso ndalama zonse za polojekiti.
- Imathandizira kuphatikiza ndi kuvula mwachangu, zomwe zimathandizira kufupikitsa nthawi yomanga.
- ubwino:
- Ma Engineered Formwork Systems (Magulu a Modular/Formwork):
- ubwino:
- Amapereka kusinthasintha komanso kusinthasintha, kulola kuti muzitha kusintha mosavuta komanso kusinthasintha pazofunikira zosiyanasiyana za polojekiti.
- Amapereka kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu, kuchepetsa zinyalala komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zomanga.
- Imathandizira kusonkhanitsa ndi kusungunula mwachangu, kuwongolera zomangamanga komanso kukonza bwino.
- Amapereka zida zowonjezera chitetezo monga ma guardrail ophatikizika, nsanja zofikira, ndi nsanja zachitetezo.
- Ikhoza kuphatikizidwa mosavuta ndi machitidwe ena omanga monga scaffolding, shoring, ndi njira zothetsera.
- ubwino:
- Mapanelo opangidwa kale/Formwork:
- ubwino:
- Imafulumizitsa ntchito yomanga pochepetsa nthawi yopangira zinthu pamalopo.
- Imawonetsetsa kutsirizitsa kwapamwamba komanso kulondola kwake chifukwa cha njira zopangira zolondola.
- Amachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusonkhanitsa formwork ndi disassembly.
- Amachepetsa zinyalala zakuthupi komanso kuwononga chilengedwe kudzera mu makulidwe okongoletsedwa ndi njira zopangira bwino.
- Amapereka kusinthasintha kwa mapangidwe, kulola kupanga masinthidwe osiyanasiyana a formwork ndi kumaliza kamangidwe.
- ubwino:
Mtundu uliwonse wa konkriti uli ndi ubwino wake, ndipo kusankha kumadalira zinthu monga zofunikira za polojekiti, bajeti, nthawi, ndi njira yomanga.
