Ndi chitukuko cha makampani oyendetsa ndege komanso kukula kwa kayendetsedwe ka ndege, ndege zakhala zikukulirakulira, zolemera, komanso zovuta kwambiri. Mabwalo a ndege asinthanso kuchokera ku malo osamalidwa osakhazikika kukhala malo okwanira ogawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito. Madera omwe ndege zimagwirira ntchito pansi, monga ma apuloni oimikapo magalimoto, misewu ya taxi, ndi mayendedwe apamtunda, afika povuta kwambiri. Misewu yoyambirira yafumbi ndi udzu sizinali zokwanira, ndipo kukonza malowa kuti ndege zizitha kugwira ntchito bwino zinakhala chitukuko chachilengedwe.
M'bwalo lamasewera la Pacific, mbale zachitsulo zokhala ndi perforated, zomwe zimatha kupangidwa mwachangu ndi zida za ndege, zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Allies. Ngakhale kuti anali odzikuza, adaonetsetsa kuti ndege zomenyera nkhondo ziziyenda bwino pazilumba zankhanzazi, zomwe zidathandizira kwambiri kupambana kwa Allies kuti akhale apamwamba.
The Low-Tech, High-Purpose Marston Mat
Mu Novembala 1941, patangotsala mwezi umodzi kuti Nkhondo ya Pacific iyambike, General Arnold, yemwe anali Wachiwiri kwa Chief of Staff of the US Army Air Forces, adayendera Camp McGar ku Marston, North Carolina. Kumeneko, iye anaona zochitika zazikulu zankhondo, koma chisamaliro chake chinakokedwa pa zitsulo zoikidwa m’mabwalo a ndege, zimene zinampangitsa kunena kuti: “Ichi ndicho chipambano chachikulu koposa cha ntchito yandege chaka chino! Chitsulo ichi, chomwe chidalandira chitamando chotere kuchokera kwa mkulu wankhondo pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake koyamba, pambuyo pake chidadziwika kuti Marston Mat. The Marston Mat kwenikweni ndi perforated steel sheet (PSP), nthawi zambiri amangotchedwa PSP mbale; ilinso ndi dzina lankhondo: M8.
Lingaliro la mateti a Marston adachokera ku Europe. Nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse isanayambe, mabwalo a ndege ankhondo ambiri ku Britain ndi France anali adakali opanda miyala. Ndege zitalemera kwambiri, mabuleki amagudumu anayambika, koma mabwalo a ndege a ku Britain ndi ku France, omwe anali abwino kwambiri padziko lonse panthawiyo, sanali okwanira. Pamene dziko la Germany linakula ndiponso mikangano inakula ku Ulaya, Britain ndi France zinachita mantha. Pakachitika nkhondo, kuwukira kwa mabwalo a ndege omwe analipo kunali kosapeŵeka, kupangitsa kuti mabwalo ambiri a ndege akanthawi. Momwe mungamangire mwachangu mabwalo a ndege osakhalitsa adakhala vuto lalikulu kwa mainjiniya. Akatswiri a ku Britain anapanga mipukutu yazitsulo yachitsulo kuti akhazikitse njira yothamangira ndege, pamene Afalansa anapanga matabwa okhala ndi njira zolumikizirana.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1939, kafukufuku wa Britain ndi France adakopanso chidwi cha US Army Air Forces. Kufufuza kunasonyeza kuti mwa njira ziwiri zimene anafunsidwazo, palibe chimene chinali choyenera. Mapangidwe a ku Britain sakanatha kupirira kunyamuka ndi kutera kwa mabomba olemera a US ndipo zingakhale zovuta kukonzanso pambuyo pa kuwonongeka, pamene mapangidwe a ku France anali olemetsa komanso ovuta kuyika. Chifukwa chake, Carnegie Steel Company ku Illinois, kutengera zofunikira za US Army Air Forces ndikuphatikiza zomwe zidachitika ku Britain ndi France, pamapeto pake adapanga Marston pad.
M8 Marston pad, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, idapangidwa ndi zitsulo zosindikizidwa. Pepala lililonse linali la mamita atatu m’litali, mamita 0.38 m’lifupi, ndipo linali lolemera makilogilamu 30. Mitsempha iwiri yopingasa inagawa pepala lililonse kukhala magawo atatu, ndipo mabowo 87 anabowoledwa mmenemo. Panali zokopa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo zolumikiza mapepala pamodzi.
Marston mat ndi osavuta komanso ofulumira kukhazikitsa; ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pamtunda wokhazikika. Makasi amayalidwa mosinthasintha kuti njanji ikule. Pakuyika, ngati pakufunika, kuchuluka kwa mateti kumatha kulimbikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito timapepala tokhala ngati U kuti tiwathamangitse pansi, kapena kuwotcherera. Kuti mukhazikike mwachidwi kwambiri, udzu wosanjikiza wa mphasa kapena zinthu zofananira zitha kuyikidwa ngati maziko poyamba.
Matumba a Marston ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse chifukwa cha kuyika kwawo kosavuta komanso kofulumira komanso kukonza kosavuta ndi kusinthidwa, kuwonekera m'mabwalo owonetsera masewera kuchokera ku Pacific kupita ku Ulaya ndi Africa. Popanda iwo, mphamvu ya Allied air sikanatha kutumizidwa patsogolo panthawi yake, kugwira ntchito kwake kungachepetse kwambiri, ndipo kungakhale ndi zotsatira zazikulu pa nthawi ya nkhondo.
Popeza mateti a Marston ndi othandiza kwambiri, chifukwa chiyani ma Axis sanawagwiritse ntchito? Inde, Japan anatero. Iwo adafufuza za njanji zofananira mu 1942 ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito ku Rabaul. Komabe, ngakhale luso lamakono silinapite patsogolo, linali lofunika kwambiri komanso lovuta. Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, dziko la United States linapanga matani pafupifupi 2 miliyoni a mateti a M8 Marston ndipo, ndi luso lake lapamwamba la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, anawatengera kumalo omenyera nkhondo kumene amafunikira, kuwaika pakufuna kwawo. Ma Axis, komabe, sanathe kutero.
Kufunsira ndi Chitukuko Pambuyo pa Nkhondo: Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse itatha, mphasa zambiri za Marston zidasiyidwa m'mabwalo ankhondo osiyanasiyana, ndipo okhalamo adazigwiritsa ntchito mokwanira. Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito m’njira, m’mipanda, m’makola a nkhumba, m’zitseko, m’mazenera, ndi zina zotero—palibe chimene chinawonongeka ngati chikanatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mapadi a Marston adagwirabe ntchito mu Berlin Airlift ya 1948, ndipo pambuyo pake mu Nkhondo yaku Korea, Nkhondo ya Vietnam, ndi Afghanistan. Pofika nthawiyi, mapepala a Marston anali atasintha, kutengera mapangidwe opanda mabowo kapena mabowo ang'onoang'ono kuti agwirizane ndi kukana kwa ndege ya jet kuphulika.
Panthawi ya nkhondo ya ku Vietnam, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa ndege zankhondo, mateti a Marston adasinthidwa kukhala gawo lachiwiri ndipo makamaka ankagwiritsidwa ntchito poyala mayendedwe a ndege ndi ma helipad.
Pomwe M8 Marston pad idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka aluminium M9 Marston pad idapangidwanso. M9 inali yopepuka, yolemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 20. Komabe, aluminiyamu inali yothandiza kwambiri pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ndipo inali ndi moyo waufupi kuposa zitsulo, kotero kuti M9 siinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri. Nkhondo itatha, zida zosiyanasiyana zatsopano za Marston zidapangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira pakunyamuka kwa ndege zazikulu komanso zolemetsa ndikutera.
Makatani atsopano a Marston sakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe amakona anayi kapena masikweya; ma polygonal Marston akuwonekanso. Ntchito zawo zimapitilira kupitilira njira zodulira ndege; amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulatifomu osiyanasiyana ndi malo apansi, komanso ngakhale pothandizira tsoka. Zogulitsa wamba zatsiku ndi tsiku monga zotsekera pansi pa khonde, makapu oletsa kutsetsereka kwa bafa, ndi matabwa okhala ndi khoma amatengedwanso kuti ndi zochokera kuukadaulo uwu.
Izi zikumaliza nkhaniyo. Zikomo powerenga.
Marston Mat Ww2 pakuti Sale
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Telefoni ya Kampani: +86 158 2297 7850
Imelo adilesi:elsa@tjtsxgroupe.com
Malo a Kampani: Malo 1501, Block A, North Tower, Wisdom Mountain, No. 1 Gonghua Road, Huayuan Industrial Park, Xiqing District, Tianjin, China.
